Publications
Books
[6] Diego Gambetta and Thomas Hegghammer, ed. Fight, Flight, Mimic: Identity Mimicry in Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024.
10.1093/9780191802454.001.0001
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. The Caravan: Abdallah Azzam and the Rise of Global Jihad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
10.1017/9781139049375
[4] Thomas Hegghammer, ed. Jihadi Culture: The Art and Social Practices of Militant Islamists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
10.1017/9781139086141
[3] Bernard Haykel, Thomas Hegghammer, and Stéphane Lacroix, ed. Saudi Arabia in Transition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
10.1017/CBO9781139047586
[2] Thomas Hegghammer and Stéphane Lacroix. The Meccan Rebellion: The Story of Juhayman al-Utaybi Revisited. London: Amal Press, 2011.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
10.1017/CBO9780511809439
Articles
[23] Steffen Hertog, Adrian Arellano, Thomas Hegghammer, et al. “Fifty Shades of Deprivation: Disaggregating Types of Economic Disadvantage in Studies of Terrorism”. International Studies Review, 26:4, Sep. 2024.
10.1093/isr/viae045
[22] Thomas Hegghammer and Neil Ketchley. “Plots, Attacks, and the Measurement of Terrorism”. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 69:1, pp. 100-126, Dec. 2023.
10.1177/00220027231221536
[21] Thomas Hegghammer. “OCR with Tesseract, Amazon Textract, and Google Document AI: a benchmarking experiment”. Journal of Computational Social Science, 5:1, pp. 861-882, May. 2022.
10.1007/s42001-021-00149-1
[20] Thomas Hegghammer. “daiR: an R package for OCR with Google Document AI”. Journal of Open Source Software, 6:68, p. 3538, Dec. 2021.
10.21105/joss.03538
[19] Thomas Hegghammer. “Resistance is Futile: The War on Terror Supercharged State Power”. Foreign Affairs, 100:5, pp. 44-52, Aug. 2021.
[18] Thomas Hegghammer. “Weeping in Modern Jihadi Groups”. Journal of Islamic Studies, 31:3, pp. 358-387, Sep. 2020.
10.1093/jis/etaa016
[17] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Future of Jihadism in Europe: A Pessimistic View”. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10:6, pp. 156-170, 2016.
[16] Thomas Hegghammer and Petter Nesser. “Assessing the Islamic State’s Commitment to Attacking the West”. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9:4, pp. 14-30, Jul. 2015.
[15] Thomas Hegghammer. “Abdallah Azzam and Palestine”. Die Welt des Islams, 53:3-4, pp. 353-387, 2013.
10.1163/15685152-5334P0003
[14] Thomas Hegghammer. “Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining Variation in Western Jihadists’ Choice between Domestic and Foreign Fighting”. American Political Science Review, 107:1, pp. 1-15, 2013.
10.1017/S0003055412000615
[13] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Recruiter’s Dilemma: Signalling and Rebel Recruitment Tactics”. Journal of Peace Research, 50:1, pp. 3-16, 2013.
10.1177/0022343312452287
[12] Thomas Hegghammer. “ʿAbdallāh ʿAzzām and Palestine”. Die Welt des Islams, 53:3-4, pp. 353-387, 2013.
10.1163/15685152-5334P0003
[11] Thomas Hegghammer and Joas Wagemakers. “The Palestine Effect: The Role of Palestinians in the Transnational Jihad Movement”. Die Welt des Islams, 53:3-4, pp. 281-314, 2013.
10.1163/15685152-5334P0001
[10] Thomas Hegghammer and Aaron Y. Zelin. “How Syria’s Civil War Became a Holy Crusade”. Foreign Affairs, Jul. 2013.
[9] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad”. International Security, 35:3, pp. 53-94, 2010.
10.1162/ISEC_a_00023
[8] Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihad, Yes, but Not Revolution: Explaining the Extroversion of Islamist Militancy in Saudi Arabia”. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 36:3, pp. 395-416, 2009.
10.1080/13530190903338938
[7] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Ideological Hybridization of Jihadi Groups”. Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, 9, pp. 26-45, 2009.
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “Islamist Violence and Regime Stability in Saudi Arabia”. International Affairs, 84:4, pp. 701-715, 2008.
10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00733.x
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “Combattants saoudiens en Irak: Modes de radicalisation et de recrutement”. Cultures et Conflits, 64, pp. 111-126, 2007.
10.4000/conflits.2128
[4] Thomas Hegghammer and Stéphane Lacroix. “Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of Juhayman al-Utaybi Revisited”. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39:1, pp. 103-122, 2007.
10.1017/S0020743807002553
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Global Jihadism After the Iraq War”. Middle East Journal, 60:1, pp. 11-32, 2006.
10.3751/60.1.11
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Terrorist Recruitment and Radicalisation in Saudi Arabia”. Middle East Policy, 13:4, pp. 39-60, 2006.
10.1111/j.1475-4967.2006.00269.x
[1] Brynjar Lia and Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihadi Strategic Studies: The Alleged Al Qaida Policy Study Preceding the Madrid Bombings”. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 27:5, pp. 355-375, 2004.
10.1080/10576100490483642
Chapters
[14] Thomas Hegghammer. “Can you trust anyone on jihadi internet forums?” In: Fight, Flight, Mimic: Identity Mimicry in Conflict. Ed. Diego Gambetta and Thomas Hegghammer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 50-89.
10.1093/9780191802454.003.0003
[13] Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihadi Culture”. In: The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Ed. David A. Snow, Donatella Della Porta and Doug McAdam. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, Sep. 2022.
10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm580
[12] Thomas Hegghammer. “Gulf States”. In: Regional Powers and Post-NATO Afghanistan. Ed. David G. Lewis and Aniseh Bassiri Tabrizi. NDC Research Paper 20. Rome: NATO Defense College, Jun. 2021, pp. 57-60.
[11] Thomas Hegghammer. “Afterword. The Uniqueness of Islamic State”. In: ISIS Propaganda: A Full-Spectrum Extremist Message. Ed. Stephane J. Baele, Katharine A. Boyd and Travis G. Coan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 265-270.
10.1093/oso/9780190932459.003.0010
[10] Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihadi weeping”. In: Studying the Near and Middle East at the Institute for Advanced Study, 1935-2018. Ed. Sabine Schmidtke. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2018, pp. 505-514.
10.31826/9781463240035-065
[9] Thomas Hegghammer and Andreas Dæhli. “Insiders and Outsiders: A Survey of Terrorist Threats to Nuclear Facilities”. In: Insider Threats. Ed. Matthew Bunn and Scott D. Sagan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017, pp. 10-41.
10.7591/9781501705946-004
[8] Thomas Hegghammer. “The jihadist digital empowerment revolution”. In: The Foreign Fighters Phenomenon and Related Security Trends in the Middle East. Ottawa: Canadian Security and Intelligence Service, Jan. 2016.
[7] Thomas Hegghammer. “Classical and Global Jihadism in Saudi Arabia”. In: Saudi Arabia in Transition. Ed. Bernard Haykel, Thomas Hegghammer and Stéphane Lacroix. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 207-228.
10.1017/CBO9781139047586.014
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “The 2003 Riyadh and 2008 Sanaa Bombings”. In: The Evolution of the Global Terrorist Threat: From 9/11 to Osama bin Laden’s Death. Ed. Bruce Hoffman and Fernando Reinares. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
10.7312/hoff16898-023
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “Suicide”. In: The Princeton Encyclopaedia of Islamic Political Thought. Ed. Gerhard Bowering, Patricia Crone, Wadad Kadi and Devin J. Stewart. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012, pp. 530-531.
10.1515/9781400838554.480
[4] Thomas Hegghammer. “Terrorism”. In: The Princeton Encyclopaedia of Islamic Political Thought. Ed. Gerhard Bowering, Patricia Crone, Wadad Kadi and Devin J. Stewart. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012, pp. 545-546.
10.1515/9781400838554.539
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihadi Salafis or Revolutionaries? On Theology and Politics in the Study of Militant Islamism”. In: Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement. Ed. Roel Meijer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 244-266.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199333431.003.0011
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Violence politique en Arabie Saoudite: Grandeur et décadence d’”al-Qaïda dans la péninsule arabique”. In: Qu’est-ce que le salafisme? Ed. Bernard Rougier. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2008, pp. 105-122.
10.3917/puf.rougi.2008.01.0103
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Abdallah Azzam: L’imam du jihad”. In: Al-Qaida dans le texte. Ed. Gilles Kepel, Thomas Hegghammer, Stéphane Lacroix, Jean-Pierre Milelli and Omar Saghi. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005, pp. 115-138.
Reports
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. The Failure of Jihad in Saudi Arabia. West Point: Combating Terrorism Center, Feb. 2010.
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. Saudi Militants in Iraq: Backgrounds and Recruitment Patterns. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2007.
[4] Søren Hove and Thomas Hegghammer. Reformprocesser og sikkerhedsudfordringer på den arabiske halvø. Copenhagen: Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2006.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. Al-Qaida Statements 2003-2004: A Compilation of Translated Texts by Usama bin Ladin and Ayman al-Zawahiri. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2005.
[2] Åshild Kjøk, Thomas Hegghammer, Annika Hansen, et al. Restoring Peace or Provoking Terrorism? Exploring the Links Between Multilateral Military Interventions and International Terrorism. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2004.
[1] Stéphane Lacroix and Thomas Hegghammer. Saudi Arabia Backgrounder: Who Are the Islamists?. Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2004.
Book reviews
[12] Thomas Hegghammer. “Foreign Fighters and Cheese Bells: Review of Daniel Byman, Road Warriors”. Texas National Security Review, Aug. 2021.
[11] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Christine Fair, In Their Own Words”. Perspectives on Politics, 19:1, pp. 302-303, Mar. 2021.
10.1017/S1537592720004089
[10] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Barak Mendelsohn, Jihadism Constrained”. Middle East Journal, 74:1, pp. 160-162, 2020.
[9] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Last Jihadi Superstar: Review of Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, Incitement”. War on the Rocks, Oct. 2020.
[8] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Olivier Roy, Jihad and Death”. Journal of Peace Research, Nov. 2018.
[7] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Richard C. Martin and Abbas Barzegar, Islamism: Contested Perspectives on Political Islam”. Journal of Islamic Studies, 23:2, pp. 252-254, 2012.
10.1093/jis/ets004
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Audrey K. Cronin, How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns”. Journal of Peace Research, 48:3, 2011.
10.1177/0022343311401545
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Omar Ashour, The De-radicalization of Jihadists: Transforming Armed Islamist Movements”. Perspectives on Politics, 9:2, pp. 472-473, 2011.
10.1017/S1537592711000569
[4] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Najwa bin Laden et al., Growing up Bin Laden”. The National, Jan. 2010.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Laurent Murawiec, Mind of Jihad”. Times Higher Education, Jun. 2009.
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Mahmoud al-Massad, Recycle”. The National, Feb. 2009.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Review of Dore Gold, Hatred’s Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism”. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 34:2, pp. 229-231, 2007.
10.1080/13530190701427974
Opeds and short articles
[21] Diego Gambetta and Thomas Hegghammer. “Impostors at War”. Project Syndicate, Dec. 2024.
[20] Thomas Hegghammer. “Why Jihadists Loved America in the 1980s”. The Atlantic, Mar. 2020.
[19] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Mysterious Assassination That Unleashed Jihadism”. History News Network, Nov. 2019.
[18] Thomas Hegghammer. “Europe to Terrorists: It’s No More Monsieur Nice Guy”. Wall Street Journal, Oct. 2018.
[17] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Soft Power of Militant Jihad”. The New York Times, Dec. 2015.
[16] Thomas Hegghammer. “Will ISIS ‘weaponize’ foreign fighters?” CNN.com, Oct. 2014.
[15] Thomas Hegghammer. “Number of foreign fighters from Europe in Syria is historically unprecedented. Who should be worried?” The Washington Post, Nov. 2013.
[14] Thomas Hegghammer. “Syria’s Foreign Fighters”. Foreign Policy, Dec. 2013.
[13] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Riyadh Compound Bombings: Ten Years, and Ten Lessons, Later”. al-Sharq al-Awsat, May. 2013.
[12] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists”. The New York Times, Jul. 2011.
[11] Thomas Hegghammer. “Lady Gaga vs. the Occupation”. Foreign Policy, Mar. 2010.
[10] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Case for Chasing al-Awlaki”. Foreign Policy, Nov. 2010.
[9] Thomas Hegghammer. “There is nothing soft about Saudi counterterrorism”. Foreign Policy, Mar. 2010.
[8] Thomas Hegghammer. “Yemeni Threat in Saudi Arabia”. Foreign Policy, Mar. 2010.
[7] Thomas Hegghammer and Dominic Tierney. “Why Does Al Qaeda Have a Problem with Norway?” The Atlantic, Jul. 2010.
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “Irreparable damage”. Foreign Policy, May. 2009.
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “The Big Impact of Small Footprints”. Foreign Policy, Nov. 2009.
[4] Thomas Hegghammer. “Deconstructing the Myth about al-Qa’ida and Khobar”. The Sentinel, 1:3, pp. 20-22, 2008.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Jihadi Studies”. Times Literary Supplement, pp. 15-17, Apr. 2008.
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Al-Qaida Focuses On Saudi Oil”. Forbes.com, Nov. 2007.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Osama bin Laden’s true priorities”. The Guardian, Dec. 2007.
Publications in Norwegian
Bøker
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. R for alle: Programmering for kvalitative fag. Oslo: Fagbokforlaget, 2024.
Artikler
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “Skandinavias ukjente jihad-historie”. VG.no, Feb. 2019.
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “Norske fremmedkrigere igår og idag”. Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 30:4, pp. 277-288, 2014.
10.18261/ISSN1504-2936-2014-04-03
[4] Thomas Hegghammer. “Al-Qaidas rekruttskoler”. Norsk Militært Tidsskrift, 178:2, pp. 14-20, 2008.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Irak-konflikten og radikal islamistisk ideologi”. Internasjonal Politikk, 63:4, pp. 351-370, 2005.
10.18261/ISSN1891-1757-2005-04-02
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Palestina og global jihad”. Babylon, 2:2, pp. 60-69, 2004.
10.5617/ba.4302
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Asymmetriske anslag mot Norge: Sannsynlighet og karakter”. Luftkrigsskolens skriftserie, 8, pp. 85-93, Aug. 2002.
Bokkapitler
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “En oversikt over islamistiske terroristgrupper”. In: Islamistisk terrorisme. Ed. Bjørn Erik Rasch. Oslo: Abstrakt, 2005, pp. 20-52.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Islamsk terror og krigen mot Irak”. In: Spillet om Irak. Ed. Bjørn Erik Rasch. Oslo: Abstrakt, 2003.
Rapporter
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. Trender og utviklingstrekk i internasjonal terrorisme siden 11. september 2001. Oslo: 22 July Commission, Jan. 2012.
[4] Laila Bokhari, Thomas Hegghammer, Brynjar Lia, et al. Paths to Global Jihad: Radicalization and Recruitment to Terror Networks. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2006.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. The Iraq Hostage Crisis: Abductions in Iraq, April-August 2004. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2004.
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. Dokumentasjon om al-Qaida: Intervjuer, kommunikéer og andre primærkilder, 1990-2002. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2002.
[1] Brynjar Lia, Thomas Hegghammer, Rolf-Inge Vogt Andresen, et al. Atommateriale, gass og mikrober som terrorvåpen? En undersøkelse av terrorgruppers interesse for og bruk av ikke-konvensjonelle våpen. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2002.
Bokanmeldelser
[2] Thomas Hegghammer. “Anmeldelse av Mattias Gardell, Bin Laden i våre hjerter”. Babylon, 6:1, p. 130, 2008.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Anmeldelse av Steve Coll, The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century”. Morgenbladet, Jun. 2008.
Kronikker og andre artikler
[17] Thomas Hegghammer. “En risikabel forskningsrevolusjon”. Aftenposten, Oct. 2019.
[16] Thomas Hegghammer. “Flyktningkrisens radikaliseringsutfordringer”. Aftenposten, Sep. 2016.
[15] Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Thomas Hegghammer, and Stein Tønnesson. “EU-forskning koster Norge dyrt”. Aftenposten, May. 2016.
[14] Thomas Hegghammer. “IS og fremmedkrigerne”. Romerikes Blad, Oct. 2014.
[13] Thomas Hegghammer. “Det kom aldri noen penger til å forske på høyreekstremisme etter 22. juli”. Aftenposten, Nov. 2014.
[12] Thomas Hegghammer. “Ekstreme fremmedkrigere”. Forsvarets forum, pp. 54-55, Jun. 2014.
[11] Thomas Hegghammer. “Hvem skal betale for forskning på høyreekstreme?” Forskning.no, Jan. 2014.
[10] Thomas Hegghammer, Petter Nesser, and Anne Stenersen. “Hjelper politibevæpning mot terror?” Verdens Gang, Dec. 2014.
[9] Thomas Hegghammer. “Al-Qaida ti år etter”. FFI-Fokus, 2011.
[8] Thomas Hegghammer. “Ensporet terrorforskning?” Aftenposten, p. 36, Aug. 2011.
[7] Thomas Hegghammer. “Sikkerhetspolitiske implikasjoner av folkeopprørene i Midtøsten”. Kortinfo, May. 2011.
[6] Thomas Hegghammer. “Anmeldelse av Steve Coll, The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century”. Morgenbladet, Jun. 2008.
[5] Thomas Hegghammer. “Saudi-Arabias terrorismeproblem”. Aftenposten, Jun. 2004.
[4] Thomas Hegghammer. “Mer terror under en krig mot Irak?” Aftenposten, p. 20, Feb. 2003.
[3] Thomas Hegghammer. “Al-Qaida etter Afghanistan”. Kortinfo, 2002.
[2] Kari Vogt and Thomas Hegghammer. “Selvmordsaksjoner i Oslo?” Aftenposten, p. 15, Apr. 2002.
[1] Thomas Hegghammer. “Bomber mot terrorisme?” Aftenposten, p. 15, Nov. 2001.